208 lines
7.0 KiB
Python
208 lines
7.0 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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import getpass
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import threading
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"""
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info:
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author:CriseLYJ
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github:https://github.com/CriseLYJ/
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update_time:2019-3-6
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"""
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import base64
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import hashlib
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import hmac
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import json
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import re
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import time
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from http import cookiejar
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from urllib.parse import urlencode
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import execjs
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import requests
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from PIL import Image
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class ZhihuAccount(object):
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def __init__(self, username: str = None, password: str = None):
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self.username = username
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self.password = password
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self.login_data = {
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'client_id': 'c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20',
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'grant_type': 'password',
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'source': 'com.zhihu.web',
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'username': '',
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'password': '',
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'lang': 'en',
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'ref_source': 'homepage',
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'utm_source': ''
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}
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self.session = requests.session()
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self.session.headers = {
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'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
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'Host': 'www.zhihu.com',
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'Referer': 'https://www.zhihu.com/',
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'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
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'(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36'
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}
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self.session.cookies = cookiejar.LWPCookieJar(filename='./cookies.txt')
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def login(self, captcha_lang: str = 'en', load_cookies: bool = True):
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"""
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模拟登录知乎
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:param captcha_lang: 验证码类型 'en' or 'cn'
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:param load_cookies: 是否读取上次保存的 Cookies
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:return: bool
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若在 PyCharm 下使用中文验证出现无法点击的问题，
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需要在 Settings / Tools / Python Scientific / Show Plots in Toolwindow，取消勾选
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"""
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if load_cookies and self.load_cookies():
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print('读取 Cookies 文件')
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if self.check_login():
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print('登录成功')
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return True
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print('Cookies 已过期')
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self._check_user_pass()
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self.login_data.update({
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'username': self.username,
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'password': self.password,
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'lang': captcha_lang
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})
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timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000)
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self.login_data.update({
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'captcha': self._get_captcha(self.login_data['lang']),
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'timestamp': timestamp,
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'signature': self._get_signature(timestamp)
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})
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headers = self.session.headers.copy()
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headers.update({
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'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
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'x-zse-83': '3_1.1',
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'x-xsrftoken': self._get_xsrf()
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})
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data = self._encrypt(self.login_data)
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login_api = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/sign_in'
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resp = self.session.post(login_api, data=data, headers=headers)
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if 'error' in resp.text:
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print(json.loads(resp.text)['error'])
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if self.check_login():
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print('登录成功')
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return True
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print('登录失败')
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return False
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def load_cookies(self):
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"""
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读取 Cookies 文件加载到 Session
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:return: bool
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"""
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try:
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self.session.cookies.load(ignore_discard=True)
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return True
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except FileNotFoundError:
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return False
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def check_login(self):
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"""
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检查登录状态，访问登录页面出现跳转则是已登录，
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如登录成功保存当前 Cookies
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:return: bool
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"""
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login_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/signup'
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resp = self.session.get(login_url, allow_redirects=False)
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if resp.status_code == 302:
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self.session.cookies.save()
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return True
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return False
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def _get_xsrf(self):
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"""
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从登录页面获取 xsrf
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:return: str
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"""
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self.session.get('https://www.zhihu.com/', allow_redirects=False)
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for c in self.session.cookies:
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if c.name == '_xsrf':
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return c.value
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raise AssertionError('获取 xsrf 失败')
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def _get_captcha(self, lang: str):
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"""
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请求验证码的 API 接口，无论是否需要验证码都需要请求一次
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如果需要验证码会返回图片的 base64 编码
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根据 lang 参数匹配验证码，需要人工输入
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:param lang: 返回验证码的语言(en/cn)
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:return: 验证码的 POST 参数
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"""
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if lang == 'cn':
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api = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/captcha?lang=cn'
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else:
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api = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/captcha?lang=en'
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resp = self.session.get(api)
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show_captcha = re.search(r'true', resp.text)
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if show_captcha:
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put_resp = self.session.put(api)
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json_data = json.loads(put_resp.text)
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img_base64 = json_data['img_base64'].replace(r'\n', '')
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with open('./captcha.jpg', 'wb') as f:
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f.write(base64.b64decode(img_base64))
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img = Image.open('./captcha.jpg')
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if lang == 'cn':
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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plt.imshow(img)
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print('点击所有倒立的汉字，在命令行中按回车提交')
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points = plt.ginput(7)
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capt = json.dumps({'img_size': [200, 44],
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'input_points': [[i[0] / 2, i[1] / 2] for i in points]})
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else:
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img_thread = threading.Thread(target=img.show, daemon=True)
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img_thread.start()
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capt = input('请输入图片里的验证码：')
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# 这里必须先把参数 POST 验证码接口
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self.session.post(api, data={'input_text': capt})
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return capt
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return ''
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def _get_signature(self, timestamp: int or str):
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"""
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通过 Hmac 算法计算返回签名
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实际是几个固定字符串加时间戳
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:param timestamp: 时间戳
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:return: 签名
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"""
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ha = hmac.new(b'd1b964811afb40118a12068ff74a12f4', digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
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grant_type = self.login_data['grant_type']
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client_id = self.login_data['client_id']
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source = self.login_data['source']
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ha.update(bytes((grant_type + client_id + source + str(timestamp)), 'utf-8'))
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return ha.hexdigest()
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def _check_user_pass(self):
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"""
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检查用户名和密码是否已输入，若无则手动输入
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"""
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if not self.username:
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self.username = input('请输入手机号：')
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if self.username.isdigit() and '+86' not in self.username:
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self.username = '+86' + self.username
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if not self.password:
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# 输入密码不可见
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self.password = getpass.getpass("password:")
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@staticmethod
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def _encrypt(form_data: dict):
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with open('./encrypt.js') as f:
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js = execjs.compile(f.read())
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return js.call('Q', urlencode(form_data))
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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account = ZhihuAccount('', '')
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account.login(captcha_lang='en', load_cookies=True)
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